"Battery Tender" has a pretty good explanation themselves here:
http://batterytender.com/resources/float-charging.htm
I'm not sure of the 'jr' version has the float-charge setting or not. Seems their 'plus' does. The problem with leaving a trickle charger on a battery constantly is that it tends to overcharges them. On the flipside, if you let it self-discharge and forget and it gets too low then that is just as bad for them. Ideally you put a charger on them once a month, bring them to full charge, and then disconnect for another month.
Other influencing factors is temperature. If you look at self-discharge rates for lead acid batteries, at 45 degrees it's almost nil. On the other hand at 90 degrees it's like 30 days. This one of the reasons battery life is so short in Arizona.
Here's another good site for reading material on 12v systems, this one is for RV's but the material comes from a variety of sources, all good stuff on battery technology, care and maint.:
http://rvroadtrip.us/library/12v_system.php
I've actually printed out the resting terminal voltage chart for state of charge and pasted it up in my garage.
If you're going to leave a charge source connected to an idle battery for long periods of time then you need to make sure it's an 'electronic' or 'smart' type charger so that when the battery reaches full charge it cuts the voltage back to a maintenance level. The problem here is that a float level is maybe a half a volt over full charge state, which is 12.9 volts, so probably just under 13.5 volts. Regular charge voltage is somewhere between just over 14v to about 15v. If the charger isn't smart enough to scale back the voltage and amperage then it fries your battery. For a liquid cell battery it will boil all the water out - another problem with long term charging. You have to maintain the electrolyte level by adding distilled water.
For me the easiest way is to put a trickle charger on them for a few hours every couple of weeks and measure terminal voltage at resting state to determine state of charge both before and after recharging. If I put a meter on a motorcycle battery and it's over say, 12.6 volts I leave it. If it's less I put a charger on it for a few hours.
Another reason I stick with plain-jane ol' batteries is the simplicity of maintenance and charging, voltage measure, etc., unlike these new-fangled ones as you can throw it all out the window with them - they all have their own peculiarities, charging rates, discharge rates, etc. The first time I heard you needed to 'warm up' a lypo to make it work I thought whoa, that's not for me.
